The writer Ross Barkan has been perhaps the most insightful chronicler of all things Mamdani. He hired then-obscure Mamdani as his campaign manager in his 2018 bid for a New York state Senate seat. As Barkan notes, “You look at his 2020 statements, you’d see a very woke politician. … Knowing him from 2018, though, I don’t remember him being overly woke. I can say he was someone who’s always a pragmatist in that way. [When] we were campaigning, he was thinking, how do we appeal to moderates? How do we appeal to conservatives?”